Sholat shubuh menurut Mazhab Shafi'i
24 April 2007
12 April 2007
21 February 2007
My notes on Fiqh 3
Shariah rulings are divided into 3 types:
1. Dururi-The necessity
Everything that threatens the existence of the 5 Universals
2. Haji-The need (but one would live with or without it)
Without the haji the individual lives in hardship
3. Tahsini-The ornaments
These are the things that make life enjoyable
3 levels of Ijtihad
1. Ijtihad al Mutlaq-absolute Ijtihad (using your own methodology)
2. Ijtihad takhriji-Derivatives Ijtihad (using anothers methodology)
3. Intiqai-Shifting ijtihad (choosing the best applicapble ruling of the past for a given situation or general applicability)
The shariah comes to protect these 5 Universals:
1. Preservation of Religion
2. Preservation of Life
3. Preservation of Intellectual
4. Preservation of Property
5. Preservation of Lineage
A faqih must take into consideration when giving fatwa:
1. time-for different circumstances
2. place-the culture, 'urf wa'ada
Usul al-fiqh (usul=foundation, fiqh=understanding)
the technical meaning of usul al-fiqh:
1. A methodology to drive rulings (furu') from the roots (usul) about the branches (furu')
2. Usul al-fiqh is also about how we drive rulings from the sources (Quran and Sunnah) when there is a text (verses or hadith) and when there is not becouse a ruling still needs to be driven
History of the stages of usul al-fiqh:
1. First stage: Duru Sama'- the experience (hearing) of the revelation of Quran and hadith- lasting for 100 years
2. Second stage: Duru Jama'-the period of gathering (of what was heard in period 1) in written or oral form-khalifa Abdul-aziz order, this period ended 102 years after hijrah
3. Third stage: Duru fiqh- the period of fiqh, for example Imam Shafii risalah
Rules are divided in 4 ways:
1. The qawl-the words of the prophet saw (Quran or Hadith)
2. The fe'el-the actions of the prophet saw
3. the taqrirab-the things he (saw) confirmed either by being silent or condoned it
4. The maqasid of sharia-Understanding the universals to use them as methods for driving rules, this can be done when you understand the purpose (maqsid) of the shariah.
i. Masaleh al-mursala (when there is benefit in the absence of a text),there are two types:1. Mu'tabara (essential to shariah) and 2. Mulqa (not essential therefore not to be considered)
ii. 'Urf wa'ada (e.g: different people use different words for divorcing their women)
iii. Istihsan (the role of the intellectual)
iv. Sadda daraya (cutting the pretext)
v. Qiyas(using an existing example from shariah and apply it to a new things example: ecstasy and khamr
1. Dururi-The necessity
Everything that threatens the existence of the 5 Universals
2. Haji-The need (but one would live with or without it)
Without the haji the individual lives in hardship
3. Tahsini-The ornaments
These are the things that make life enjoyable
3 levels of Ijtihad
1. Ijtihad al Mutlaq-absolute Ijtihad (using your own methodology)
2. Ijtihad takhriji-Derivatives Ijtihad (using anothers methodology)
3. Intiqai-Shifting ijtihad (choosing the best applicapble ruling of the past for a given situation or general applicability)
The shariah comes to protect these 5 Universals:
1. Preservation of Religion
2. Preservation of Life
3. Preservation of Intellectual
4. Preservation of Property
5. Preservation of Lineage
A faqih must take into consideration when giving fatwa:
1. time-for different circumstances
2. place-the culture, 'urf wa'ada
Usul al-fiqh (usul=foundation, fiqh=understanding)
the technical meaning of usul al-fiqh:
1. A methodology to drive rulings (furu') from the roots (usul) about the branches (furu')
2. Usul al-fiqh is also about how we drive rulings from the sources (Quran and Sunnah) when there is a text (verses or hadith) and when there is not becouse a ruling still needs to be driven
History of the stages of usul al-fiqh:
1. First stage: Duru Sama'- the experience (hearing) of the revelation of Quran and hadith- lasting for 100 years
2. Second stage: Duru Jama'-the period of gathering (of what was heard in period 1) in written or oral form-khalifa Abdul-aziz order, this period ended 102 years after hijrah
3. Third stage: Duru fiqh- the period of fiqh, for example Imam Shafii risalah
Rules are divided in 4 ways:
1. The qawl-the words of the prophet saw (Quran or Hadith)
2. The fe'el-the actions of the prophet saw
3. the taqrirab-the things he (saw) confirmed either by being silent or condoned it
4. The maqasid of sharia-Understanding the universals to use them as methods for driving rules, this can be done when you understand the purpose (maqsid) of the shariah.
i. Masaleh al-mursala (when there is benefit in the absence of a text),there are two types:1. Mu'tabara (essential to shariah) and 2. Mulqa (not essential therefore not to be considered)
ii. 'Urf wa'ada (e.g: different people use different words for divorcing their women)
iii. Istihsan (the role of the intellectual)
iv. Sadda daraya (cutting the pretext)
v. Qiyas(using an existing example from shariah and apply it to a new things example: ecstasy and khamr
19 February 2007
My notes on Fiqh 2
The Imams on taking a hadith from sahaba:
Imam shafi'i didnt take the hadith of a sahabi as proof, the other 3 imam did. But Imam abu Hanifa take the action of the sahabi over the words. example of this: Imam Ali(ra) relates a hadith that the prophet(saw) came from ruku he would raise his hand, but because the description of Imam Ali(ra) prayer showed that he didnt raise his hands, abu Hanifa take Imam Ali(ra) action over his words.
Imam shafi'i didnt take the hadith of a sahabi as proof, the other 3 imam did. But Imam abu Hanifa take the action of the sahabi over the words. example of this: Imam Ali(ra) relates a hadith that the prophet(saw) came from ruku he would raise his hand, but because the description of Imam Ali(ra) prayer showed that he didnt raise his hands, abu Hanifa take Imam Ali(ra) action over his words.
My notes on Fiqh
Alfasi explained in his work "al fikr as-sani" that there were 4 periods of fiqh:
1. At the period of revelation
The Companions had direct access to the sources:Quran and Sunnah (The Prophets SAW words, deeds, and aproval)
2. After the prophet SAW
The companions gave fatwa based on what they learned during the period of revelation. A new source developed--> Ijma'a (this could only happen after the prophet SAW had passed away). This was also the case with Qiyas which developed in the second shape.
3. The period of Tabi'un
Different school is developing in the ummah. Imam malik, imam abu hanifah, etc. All of them had different methodology (example, Imam Malik's methodology was 'amal ahl al-medina, also masalah al-mursala when there is great benefit for the society in the absence of text (istihsan, the proof for masalah al-mursala is the collecting of the Quran in a mushaf). Imam Malik also took Sadda' ddaraya (e.g not cursing others God) also Alloh SWT forbid women from shaking their jewlery.
4. Taqlid Period, repetition of the earlier generations (e.g non creative).
In short there are 4 phases:
1. Period of revelation
2. Period of gathering
3. Period of fiqh
4. Repetition of the earlier generations (non creative), mastering their opinions.
3 Reasons why the 4 Imams could interpret hadiths differently:
1. The differ on the chain (isnad)of a hadith
2. Difference of interpretation of the meaning of hadith
3. That the hadith were abrogated
1. At the period of revelation
The Companions had direct access to the sources:Quran and Sunnah (The Prophets SAW words, deeds, and aproval)
2. After the prophet SAW
The companions gave fatwa based on what they learned during the period of revelation. A new source developed--> Ijma'a (this could only happen after the prophet SAW had passed away). This was also the case with Qiyas which developed in the second shape.
3. The period of Tabi'un
Different school is developing in the ummah. Imam malik, imam abu hanifah, etc. All of them had different methodology (example, Imam Malik's methodology was 'amal ahl al-medina, also masalah al-mursala when there is great benefit for the society in the absence of text (istihsan, the proof for masalah al-mursala is the collecting of the Quran in a mushaf). Imam Malik also took Sadda' ddaraya (e.g not cursing others God) also Alloh SWT forbid women from shaking their jewlery.
4. Taqlid Period, repetition of the earlier generations (e.g non creative).
In short there are 4 phases:
1. Period of revelation
2. Period of gathering
3. Period of fiqh
4. Repetition of the earlier generations (non creative), mastering their opinions.
3 Reasons why the 4 Imams could interpret hadiths differently:
1. The differ on the chain (isnad)of a hadith
2. Difference of interpretation of the meaning of hadith
3. That the hadith were abrogated
04 February 2007
03 February 2007
23 January 2007
Global Halal Standards Urged
IslamOnline.net & News Agencies
"It shouldn't be one academy or one academic somewhere in Saudi Arabia coming up with what is halal or not," Khairy said.
KUALA LUMPUR — A Malaysian industry leader has urged Muslim countries to create a global standard for the halal food industry to clear confusions over conflicting religious rulings and boost the already booming industry.
"There should be industry-driven global halal standards as opposed to some cleric sitting somewhere and completely out of touch with private sector and the food industry, deciding on what is halal and what isn't," Khairy Jamaluddin, chairman of the World Halal Forum (WHF), was quoted as saying by Reuters.
"It shouldn't be one academy or one academic somewhere in Saudi Arabia coming up with what is halal or not because these people have no clue on what goes into processing foods."
Khairy, the son-in-law of Premier Abdullah Badawi, said current standards for halal products vary among countries, sometimes confusing consumers and forcing producers to undergo repeated certification processes in nations with different regulations.
"There needs to be a greater understanding of the various aspects of halal accreditation, of such products and service, as well as ensuring that there can be uniformity and homogeneity in the application of halal standards, globally," Trade Minister Rafidah Aziz said in a speech this week.
Attracting a huge sector of non-Muslim consumers, the global halal industry, currently estimated by Malaysia to be worth $547 billion, is expected to soon hit the impressive mark of one trillion dollars.
The concept of halal -- meaning permissible in Arabic -- has traditionally been applied to food.
Muslims should only eat meat from livestock slaughtered by a sharp knife from their necks, and the name of Allah, the Arabic word for God, must be mentioned.
Now other goods and services can also be certified as halal, including cosmetics, clothing, pharmaceuticals and financial services.
Pragmatic
Khairy, a leading figure in the Malaysian ruling National Front coalition, said educating Muslim scholars on the needs of a global industry would not be easy, citing seafood as a case in point.
He said some scholars regard all seafood as halal while others believe lobster, shrimp and eels are not.
Opinions also differed on whether seafood was halal when caught live or found dead.
Even food containing emulsifiers, gelatine and enzymes are subject to debates between the food industry and scholars because the origins of these ingredients are not always known.
"A lot of science and research needs to go into this," said Khairy.
He stressed that scholars need to fully examine the origins of additives and food processing methods before issuing fatwas on the halal status of different foods.
The WHF annual meeting, to be held in Kuala Lumpur in May, will gather experts, industry and government officials from more than 30 countries.
The two-day forum will discuss challenges and business opportunities such as ingredients and manufacturing for the halal market.
Malaysia, a mainly Muslim country, is becoming globally recognized as the world’s halal food hub.
Halal food production zones are already operating or being built in six Malaysian states, and a sprawling halal distribution hub has been built at a duty-free shipment zone in southern Johor state, on the busy Malacca strait.
In 2004, Malaysia launched a bi-monthly magazine, The Halal Journal, as the first trade and business publication serving the global halal market.
IslamOnline.net- News
"It shouldn't be one academy or one academic somewhere in Saudi Arabia coming up with what is halal or not," Khairy said.
KUALA LUMPUR — A Malaysian industry leader has urged Muslim countries to create a global standard for the halal food industry to clear confusions over conflicting religious rulings and boost the already booming industry.
"There should be industry-driven global halal standards as opposed to some cleric sitting somewhere and completely out of touch with private sector and the food industry, deciding on what is halal and what isn't," Khairy Jamaluddin, chairman of the World Halal Forum (WHF), was quoted as saying by Reuters.
"It shouldn't be one academy or one academic somewhere in Saudi Arabia coming up with what is halal or not because these people have no clue on what goes into processing foods."
Khairy, the son-in-law of Premier Abdullah Badawi, said current standards for halal products vary among countries, sometimes confusing consumers and forcing producers to undergo repeated certification processes in nations with different regulations.
"There needs to be a greater understanding of the various aspects of halal accreditation, of such products and service, as well as ensuring that there can be uniformity and homogeneity in the application of halal standards, globally," Trade Minister Rafidah Aziz said in a speech this week.
Attracting a huge sector of non-Muslim consumers, the global halal industry, currently estimated by Malaysia to be worth $547 billion, is expected to soon hit the impressive mark of one trillion dollars.
The concept of halal -- meaning permissible in Arabic -- has traditionally been applied to food.
Muslims should only eat meat from livestock slaughtered by a sharp knife from their necks, and the name of Allah, the Arabic word for God, must be mentioned.
Now other goods and services can also be certified as halal, including cosmetics, clothing, pharmaceuticals and financial services.
Pragmatic
Khairy, a leading figure in the Malaysian ruling National Front coalition, said educating Muslim scholars on the needs of a global industry would not be easy, citing seafood as a case in point.
He said some scholars regard all seafood as halal while others believe lobster, shrimp and eels are not.
Opinions also differed on whether seafood was halal when caught live or found dead.
Even food containing emulsifiers, gelatine and enzymes are subject to debates between the food industry and scholars because the origins of these ingredients are not always known.
"A lot of science and research needs to go into this," said Khairy.
He stressed that scholars need to fully examine the origins of additives and food processing methods before issuing fatwas on the halal status of different foods.
The WHF annual meeting, to be held in Kuala Lumpur in May, will gather experts, industry and government officials from more than 30 countries.
The two-day forum will discuss challenges and business opportunities such as ingredients and manufacturing for the halal market.
Malaysia, a mainly Muslim country, is becoming globally recognized as the world’s halal food hub.
Halal food production zones are already operating or being built in six Malaysian states, and a sprawling halal distribution hub has been built at a duty-free shipment zone in southern Johor state, on the busy Malacca strait.
In 2004, Malaysia launched a bi-monthly magazine, The Halal Journal, as the first trade and business publication serving the global halal market.
IslamOnline.net- News
31 October 2006
Jangan sakit, disana tidak ada jamu
Pesankan kepada anak-anak, "Jangan Sakit. Biaya pengobatan di luar negeri amat sangat mahal, dan tidak ada jamu. Bagi yang mendapat beasiswa tetapi tidak termasuk asuransi, sebaiknya yang bersangkutan mendaftarkan diri pada asuransi kesehatan di kampus masing-masing,"
09 August 2006
06 August 2006
Beloved Home
Looking back into my pastlife it seems I have moved a lot by now. Tragic, hilarious and irony moments have shaped my mentality dealing with loose,win or draw of my careers.What I v got now is a mixtured feeling of happy, sad, joy, tears and loughthers all toghether from the past on the same time while always putting on my mind to make my head straight forward to go on into my next compassionate dream...crafting my own monumental footprint on my beloved "kampung" zzz zzz zzz
29 July 2006
Xylitol - Birch Sugar
Xylitol is natural sugar derived from plants-fruits or vegetables. In Finland mostly it is extracted from birch trees, hence its called birch sugar. Thin invention by Finnish chemists enables children to consume candies as much as they like, which teeth still intact.
The most up to date research has shown that regular chewing of xylitol gum reduces by half among children´s painful ear infections at day carecenters. Ear infections, transmitted from a child to another, are a serious problem at Finnish day carecenters, a necessary institution for working woman having their equal opportunities.
At day carecenters children learn to sing, play and go out under the supervision of trained nursery school teachers. It also helps single born child to interrelate and social interact with others.
27 July 2006
BMT is a service business
Micro syariah Baitulmal wattamwil (BMT) has sustained with remarkably high growth. Total asset has grown 30 percent up into Rp 2 billion since last June this year. BMT is expected to be the back bone of small and micro economic society. Syariah micro financial organization (SMFO) is financial institution targetting low economic clients who have no accessibility with Bank (the un bankable). And from the last record on June, BMT has reached total number of 3200 from 3000 since December last year.
This positive growth need to be followed up by synergizing, supporting, strengthening and cooperating between BMT into a solid networking organization. As well transforming BMT into service business by every stakeholder from investor, worker and manager and also improving the value of Quality, Cost and Delivery or known as QCD for customer.
This positive growth need to be followed up by synergizing, supporting, strengthening and cooperating between BMT into a solid networking organization. As well transforming BMT into service business by every stakeholder from investor, worker and manager and also improving the value of Quality, Cost and Delivery or known as QCD for customer.
21 July 2006
Complex messy syndrome
Now we more n more need for speed! yes including you! usually we have,honestly my self,that I called complex messy syndrome:D on our working table, that can waste 30% of your highly limited time only for searching miss placed documents. usually this syndrome is because our bad decision making on the spot, then we need to come with highly decisive solution!this methode so called TRAF.
TRAF means Trash/Toss, Reffer, Action and File. What you need is to trash your 6 month or more unread books(can be anything)and toss junks like magazine aswell other adverts , Reffer undone job to sm one with competence, Action do it as you receive any daily news paper or mag, and Filling. The last thing is very important to arrange all your documents in easy and neat way.
So good luck and enjoy getting ahead and staying ahead.
TRAF means Trash/Toss, Reffer, Action and File. What you need is to trash your 6 month or more unread books(can be anything)and toss junks like magazine aswell other adverts , Reffer undone job to sm one with competence, Action do it as you receive any daily news paper or mag, and Filling. The last thing is very important to arrange all your documents in easy and neat way.
So good luck and enjoy getting ahead and staying ahead.
05 July 2006
17 May 2006
Turning Point
My life,your life and everyone of us have potential turning points, some say in our life at least we will have 9 turning points, at least 2 of them are our birth and death. Then what are the other seven? only you who knows, you can be just waiting until it comes for you or you create it! For some of us the next turning point is marriage, commonly your life will be so much changed! then your choice is whether you wait for it or go for it...how important is it for your life?
Dare to find one? and be ready to change!!!
Blography
ini juga sambil belajar entah jadinya kaya apa...:p - I really admire blog for the unlimited world or now we call it world without border. We have all witnessed how people are interconnected each other from different place apart thousand of kilometers. I guess it has been so successful in meeting different personalities, tastes, expectations and needs through their shared stories. For beginer like me I can easily surf through many kind hearted bloggers who willing to share their knowledge inside and out.
And now, what I ve been doing with this essay, I can say it is very excellent:)
21 March 2006
Naked as we came
She says wake up it's no use pretending
I'll keep stealing breathing her
Birds are leaving over Autumn's ending
One of us will die inside these arms
Eyes wide open
Naked as we came
One will spread our
Ashes round the yard
She says if I leave before you darling
Don't you waste me in the ground
I lay smiling like our sleeping children
One of us will die inside these arms
Eyes wide open
Naked as we came
One will spread our
Ashes round the yard
I'll keep stealing breathing her
Birds are leaving over Autumn's ending
One of us will die inside these arms
Eyes wide open
Naked as we came
One will spread our
Ashes round the yard
She says if I leave before you darling
Don't you waste me in the ground
I lay smiling like our sleeping children
One of us will die inside these arms
Eyes wide open
Naked as we came
One will spread our
Ashes round the yard
Creative writing 1
Did you know that there are more funy way of using dictionary? more than looking new vocabulary, definition or even spelling. Todd Walton and Mindy Toomay on their book suggest us to explore its multiple meanings and uses.
Here I will only describe one of it, what so called "the random word". Simply you can start it by open your dictionary at random, then without looking, bring the tip of your finger down on the page. Then continue by reading all the definitions for the word your finger landed on. If you find any unfamiliar words in these definitions, look them up too. Finaly you can begin a session of free writing with a sentence containing the word you choose. To make it more challenging, you can randomly select seven words in this way and use them all as a letter to a friend...
Dare to try?
Here I will only describe one of it, what so called "the random word". Simply you can start it by open your dictionary at random, then without looking, bring the tip of your finger down on the page. Then continue by reading all the definitions for the word your finger landed on. If you find any unfamiliar words in these definitions, look them up too. Finaly you can begin a session of free writing with a sentence containing the word you choose. To make it more challenging, you can randomly select seven words in this way and use them all as a letter to a friend...
Dare to try?
25 February 2006
Living in Joensuu
Have you heard Joensuu before? If no I somehow can say yes, before I came here it was a sort of mystery to me, I m going alone somewhere I have never known before, it was a kind of an adventure for me but I was not shocked to go for it.
Literally Joensuu means mouth of the river, located on the eastern part of Finland. The cold and quiet city create the peaceful feeling for anyone who visit it.
Joensuu is a city dotted with lakes, the fact that flourish its beauty, its well organised and easy to adapt to since the people are polite and helpful. Although sometimes Fins can be so quiet and passive, but once you know them personally, she or he will be your very truth friend.
Believe it or not in Joensuu or let say in Finland the climate stands as the most influential element in the Finnish social life. In the long winter period it is dark and cold people tend to look unhappy in addition that the heavy clothes everyone wears makes the scene look sad, in summer time it is amazingly different people and nature seems to revive again, what a paradox!
I may say Joensuu is home for any student who’s looking for credible study place, good friends, cheap internet services and lots of sauna. SO why don’t you find the beauty, spirit and culture with your own eyes your self in Joensuu at any season you like! Heihei…
Literally Joensuu means mouth of the river, located on the eastern part of Finland. The cold and quiet city create the peaceful feeling for anyone who visit it.
Joensuu is a city dotted with lakes, the fact that flourish its beauty, its well organised and easy to adapt to since the people are polite and helpful. Although sometimes Fins can be so quiet and passive, but once you know them personally, she or he will be your very truth friend.
Believe it or not in Joensuu or let say in Finland the climate stands as the most influential element in the Finnish social life. In the long winter period it is dark and cold people tend to look unhappy in addition that the heavy clothes everyone wears makes the scene look sad, in summer time it is amazingly different people and nature seems to revive again, what a paradox!
I may say Joensuu is home for any student who’s looking for credible study place, good friends, cheap internet services and lots of sauna. SO why don’t you find the beauty, spirit and culture with your own eyes your self in Joensuu at any season you like! Heihei…